In Islam, it is encouraged to try and achieve the highest knowledge, in an Islamic civilization. The Muslims of the caliphate were reminded about this everyday. When people did try to achieve knowledge, they inspired many others to do so whether Muslim or not, as a result of this when the Caliphate and other Islamic states did exist; advances in technological, medical, social, judicial, scientific,political and many other areas were made everyday.
Advances in Science made in the Muslim World
Hydrochloric, Nitric, Acetic, Citric, Sulfuric acid substances discovered. Ultra important for the development of Chemistry. Many say Chemistry was fathered by the Muslims.
Processes of distillation and crystallization discovered. Discovery of the importance of experimentation.
Chemical created that that can dissolve gold, allowing gold to be extracted.
Early classification of elements.
Discovery of the substance of ethanol, which is alcohol.
The thermometer was first used in physics experimentation.
The flywheel creating kinetic energy was invented, the suction pump invented, the valve and the reciprocating piston engine was formed in the 13th century. This was crucial for the modern day engines.
Segmental gears in an engine were invented.
The concept of the steam turbine advanced. Essential for steam trains, steam boats, and all generators powered by steam turbines.
Advances in medicine made in the Muslim World
· The first hospital in Cairo 872CE
· The first insane care center (mental hospital).
· Identification of smallpox
· Allergies identified
· Developing theconcept of the pharmacy
· Eye disease operations introduced
· Over 200 surgical tools introduced
· The first toothbrush used from a tooth cleaning substance called meswak.
· Plastic surgery introduced in the 10th century by doctor Al-Zahrawi, who alsocreated the marking system before plastic surgery.
· The explanation of sight by scientist Ibn al-Haitham
· The invention ofsoap and many cosmetics for hygiene, as being clean is necessary for Muslims.
· The plasterinvented and was first used in the year 1000CE.
Advances in leisure, automatics and miscellaneous made in the Muslim World
The first programmable humanoid robot was invented to entertain guests; it was a musical robot boat, which banged drums to variable rhythms. In the 13th century.
An automatic machine in which artificial birds made of gold sang and swung side to side on a engineered tree was created in the 9th century for the Caliph.
The game of chess created.
The concept of the camera invented in the 10th century.
Musical theory made.
The drink coffee invented.
The glass mirror created.
The mechanical clock invented.
The glider, and parachute invented, the first man to attempt flight in the 10th century.
Perfection of perfumery, creation of many fragrances.
· Algebra created
· First university built
· Number systemmade, which was to be used similarly in the rest of the world until present day.
· Trigonometry created
· Significantadvances in geometry and conics
· The first systemfor blind people to see through touch, 600 years before Braille.
· The scales in music created.
Advances in Exploration made in the Muslim World
Chinese Muslim explorer from the Caliphate crosses half the Atlantic Ocean and possibly even reaches shores of Americas 80 years prior to Christopher Columbus; map is drawn of Americas, dated 1418.
Ibn Battuta, travels 75,000 miles, more than any other explorer before him, he voyages deep into Africa, Europe, Middle East, and Asia (China).
Military advances and contributions from the Muslim World
· Some of the first grenades used, made more effective
· The firstaccounts of cannon usage, arguably a Muslim invention.
· The gun inventedin its primitive form, shooting bullets. It has been generally accepted that firearms were a Muslim invention.
· The torpedo wasinvented by a Syrian inventor in the year 1275.
Some other contributions and advances made in the Muslim World
Windmill invented.
The concept of three day meals created.
The first observatory built.
The first certificates for university created the concept that the baccalaureate system is based on.
The carpet invented.
The first soft drink.
The garden developed and designed.
Large agricultural and water transport advances were made.
The pendulum discovered, used in the first pendulum clock in the 15th century.
The modern cheque was invented.
The street lamp invented.